The Cochrane collaboration has performed a number of meta-analysis on the claimed benefits of massage therapy.
http://www2.cochrane.org/reviews/en/ab001929.html
In the case of lower back pain massage might be beneficial for patients with subacute (lasting four to 12 weeks) and chronic (lasting longer than 12 weeks) non-specific low-back pain, especially when combined with exercises and education.
http://www2.cochrane.org/reviews/en/ab004871.html
No firm conclusions can be drawn looking at neck pain.
There are a number of other reviews exploring the issue however it is difficult to answer this question fully as what is considered "traditional" massage will vary from culture to culture and country to country.
For some types of massage there will be effective pain relief and for others there will not.