100
True
More detailed data confirm the claim.
This chart is taken from https://ourworldindata.org/fossil-fuels ; most data there comes from the published paper:
Vaclav Smil (2017). Energy Transitions: Global and National Perspectives. & BP Statistical Review of World Energy..
It is coherent with figures from the World Bank: https://data.worldbank.org/...
26
Your answer is pretty much entirely contained in the IPCC's Fourth Assesment Report, section 1.3.6.2 (Forestry), except for the part about the Sahel in Africa. It's pretty short and concise, so I recommend reading it for yourself.
Some quotes, with my emphasis:
Thus, the overall trend towards longer growing seasons is consistent with an increase in the ‘...
20
Yes, the fossil-fuel industry benefits from subsidies equivalent to trillions of dollars, each year. Yes, the IMF's figures are broadly consistent with other studies: in particular, the cost of environmental damage from greenhouse gases alone, is of the order of trillions of dollars per year. These are costs which production incurs, but which are not borne ...
11
There are several claims here. Let’s unravel them one by one.
First claim
Is there a deep, hot biosphere?
Russell has answered this: yes, there is.
Second claim
Thomas Gold claims that oil is not aging vegetal or animal matter, but rather made continously from bacteria deep in the Earth's mantle (a 'deep hot biosphere')
No, Thomas Gold made no such ...
9
A good starting point for information about this topic is The Gasoline Wars Chemical & Engineering News, vol. 87, pages 20-21.
First, when shell says "nitrogen-enriched", it does not mean that nitrogen itself (such as dinitrogen in air) is added to the gasoline. Instead, it means that an amine detergent compound is added to the gasoline.
Secondly, ...
8
note: This question was originally much longer and quoted section 1 of this response by The Heartland Institute. My comments here are in reference to those claims.
The Heartland Institute's claims about conflict of interest policies and funding disclosure, at least, are incorrect. The conflict of interest policy for Science Bulletin states:
Authors must ...
6
Fossil fuels are fuels formed by natural processes such as anaerobic decomposition of buried dead organisms including phytoplankton and zooplankton that settled to the sea (or lake) bottom in large quantities under anoxic conditions. (Giant Oil and Gas Fields of the Decade, 1990–1999, Tulsa, Okla.: American Association of Petroleum Geologists, p.50) The age ...
5
"In 2015, the United States consumed a total of 7.08 billion barrels of petroleum products" https://www.eia.gov/tools/faqs/faq.cfm?id=33&t=6
One US oil barrel is 159 litres. One acre or rapeseed gives 600 litres oil ( https://spa.merinfo.se/question/hur-manga-liter-olja-far-man-pa-ett-hektar-raps ) (I assume hemp is in the same ballpark). That gives 3....
3
Among the references cited in that IMF paoer, I found the 2015 ECFIN brief "Measuring Fossil Fuel Subsidies" by Bárány and Grigonytė fairly illuminating in this matter. (To establish authority, ECFIN briefs "are occasional working papers by the European Commission’s Directorate-General for Economic and Financial Affairs which provide background to policy ...
3
Yes, the world is literally getting greener, largely thanks to anthropogenically-elevated atmospheric CO2 levels.
Is the world getting greener?
Here's a map:
Source: Greening Earth: Spatial patterns, by Prof. Ranga B. Myneni, Boston U. (2015)
This excerpt is from a 2009 National Geographic article about how even the "Sahara" desert (really the Sahel)...
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