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Slashdot reports First Cancer Case Confirmed From Fukushima Cleanup:

Following on from reports of elevated levels of child cancer and 1,600 civilians deaths from the evacuation, this is the first time that one of the 44,000 people involved in the clean up operation has been diagnosed with cancer resulting directly from the accident.

Is there really a direct correlation between the two events?

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No, at least according to the information presented in the source they reference, which just doesn't actually attempt to establish any correlation.

http://www3.nhk.or.jp/nhkworld/english/news/20151020_34.html

Ministry experts determined that he was likely to have contracted leukemia following cleanup work at Fukushima Daiichi. They found he had been exposed to a total of 19.8 millisieverts of radiation from his work at various plants. He was exposed to 15.7 millisieverts at the Fukushima plant.

Compensation is granted if a nuclear power plant worker has been exposed to annual radiation of 5 milliseverts and has developed cancer more than a year afterward.

Note that, (0), he was diagnosed with leukemia, and, (1), compensation is granted based on the facts of, (a), receiving certain level of radiation, and, (b), developing a cancer certain time afterwards.

Note that leukemia in Japan is often caused by HTLV-1, which is endemic in southern Japan, and is known to cause leukemia.

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Human_T-lymphotropic_virus

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Human_T-lymphotropic_virus_1

It would appear that HTLV-1 status of the worker may not play any role in whether or not compensation is granted.

As such, there is simply not enough hard evidence to conclude that it is radiation, and not HTLV-1, that the condition has been directly caused by.

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    ...which illustrates the problem of the metric of attributable deaths. Even if in an area the rate of a disease quadruples after an environmental disaster, none of the individual cases can be proven to be caused by the event. They can only in a statistical sense.
    – gerrit
    Oct 21, 2015 at 9:42

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